Not sure if my previous reply went through or not so I am resending. This is different from what happened in Western and Southern Europe, where the Neolithic transition was caused by a population that came from Anatolia, with Pontic steppe ancestry being detected from only the late Neolithic onward. Historians now think that the ring of stones was built in several different stages, with thefirst completed around 5,000 years ago by Neolithic Britons who used primitive tools, possibly made from deer antlers. Yamnaya itself was a mixture of at least three populations; WHG, ANE, CHG. He has sent me articles regarding the Yamnaya people but as we are a bit novice in regards to our level of your DNA expertise. However, coming from a strong Irish heritage in the last 200 years, as far as I can prove, a mild-drinking gene would be welcome. Population Genetics copper and Bronze Age populations of Eastern Steppe, thesis by Sandra Wilde Yamnaya Culture: Everything About Its History and Origin Distribution of the 'Yamnaya' genetic component in the populations of Corded Ware culture by User:Dbachmann Own work based based on Image:Europe 34 62 -12 54 blank map.png. (2017), all Iron Age Scythian Steppe nomads can best be described as a mixture of Yamnaya-related ancestry and an East Asian-related component, which most closely corresponds to the modern North Siberian Nganasan people of the lower Yenisey River, to varying degrees, but generally higher among Eastern Scythians. These signs included pelvis and femur marks that could have come from the biomechanical stress of sitting with spread legs while holding onto a horse, as well as healed vertebrae damage from injuries that could have come from falling off. We dont seem to fit anywhere. They concluded that Yamnaya autosomal characteristics are very close to the Corded Ware culture people, with an estimated 73% ancestral contribution from the Yamnaya DNA in the DNA of Corded Ware skeletons from Germany. Of the 13 bodies at the site, five suffered injuries which were likely the cause f their death and experts claim this is evidence they were ambushed and massacred by rival tribes in a revenge attack. Northwest of the Yamnaya complex, we find the Corded Ware Culture (CWC) complex that was distributed over central and northern Europe between 3000/2800 and 2300/2000 BCE (see electronic supplementary material) [ 4, 5 ]. http://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/data/view/PRJEB9021, Investigation of Bronze Age in Eurasia by sequencing from 101 ancient human remains. The people of the Yamnaya culture lived primarily as nomads, with a chiefdom system and wheeled carts and wagons that allowed them to manage large herds.